首页 - 欧洲CE认证 - 压力设备(PED)指令
焊接程序与焊接人员认可
根据ISO15614制定pWPS→根焊工考试标准EN287或者EN1418准备焊接试件→根据pWPS的参数要求焊接试件→试件送检→检验合格→颁发国际焊工证书同时认可焊接工艺WPS。
焊接检验:
Test piece | Type of test | Extent of testing | Footnote |
Butt joint with full penetration-Figure 1 and Figure 2 | Visual Radiographic or ultrasonic Surface crack detection Transverse tensile test Transverse bend test Impact test Hardness test Macroscopic examination | 100% 100% 100% 2 specimens 4 specimens 2 sets required 1 specimen | - A B - C D E - |
T-joint with full penetration-Figure 3 Branch connection with full penetration-Figure 4 | Visual Surface crack detection Ultrasonic or radiographic Hardness test Macroscopic examination | 100% 100% 100% required 2 specimens | F B and F A, F and G E and F F |
Fillet welds-Figure 3 and Figure4 | Visual Surface crack detection Hardness test Macroscopic examination | 100% 100% required 2 specimens | F B and F E and F F |
A: Ultrasonic testing shall not be used for t < 8 mm and not for material groups 8, 10, 41 to 48.
B: Penetrant testing or magnetic particle testing. For non-magnetic materials, penetrant testing.
C: For bend tests, see 7.4.3.
D: 1 set in the weld metal and 1 set in the HAZ for materials > 12 mm thick and having specified impact properties.
Application standards may require impact testing below 12 mm thick. The testing temperature shall be chosen by the manufacturer with regard to the application or application standard but need not be lower than the parent metal specification. For additional tests see 7.4.5.
E: Not required for parent metals: -sub-group 1.1, and groups 8, 41 to 48.
F: Tests as detailed do not provide information on the mechanical properties of the joint. Where these properties are relevant to the application an additional qualification shall also be held e.g. a butt weld qualification.
G: For outside diameter £ 50 mm no ultrasonic test is required.
For outside diameter > 50 mm and where it is not technically possible to carry out ultrasonic examination, a radiographic examination shall be carried out provided that the joint configuration will allow meaningful results.
无损检测(NDT)人员的资格评定:
PED要求由欧共体认可的第三方机构(Recognized third-party organization)执行企业无损检测人员的资格评定。
至于NDT人员资格评定的标准,参考EN473。
在执行评定时,并不对企业NDT人员重新进行考试,而是重点审查企业按标准制定的NDT人员培训、考核、管理文件是否符合规定要求,在此基础上现场审核上述文件的实际执行情况与证件。
将由认可的第三方机构颁发该制造商所有合格NDT人员的批准证书。
承压设备的分类-设备的分类主要取决于下列参数:
设备的类型:锅炉、压力容器、管道、压力附件(如阀门、压力计等)、安全附件(如安全阀、爆破片等);流体(气体、液体、蒸汽等)的性质:根据危险程度分为两组。第1组为危险性(易燃、易爆、有毒等),第2组为非危险性流体;最大工作压力:PS(bar);容积或公称直径:V(L)或DN(mm);
根据以上参数由PED ANNEⅡ 中的9个表格对承压设备进行PED类别划分。
承压设备等级:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ
VESSELS | STEAM GENERATORS | PIPING | |||||||
Contents | Gas | Liquid | - | Liquid | |||||
Fluid Group | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Chart | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
SEP | Sound Engineering Practice Equipment in this category Can NOT be CE Marked Does not have to satisfy essential safety requirements No outside Inspection Body Required |
Ⅱ | Equipment must be CE Marked Must satisfy all Relevant ESR's Notified Body Required to monitor final inspection and test Notified Body To Approve Welding Procedures and Welders |
Ⅳ | Equipment must be CE Marked Must satisfy all Relevant ESR's Notified Body Required to check design Notified Body Required to perform stage inspection during manufacture and monitor final inspection and test Notified Body To Approve Welding Procedures and Welders Notified Body To Approve NDT PersonnelNotified Body To Approve Materials |
I = Module A
II = Module A1, D1, E1
III = Modules B1 + D, B1 + F, B + E, B + C1, H
IV = Modules B+ D, B + F, G, H1
本指令里面一共列出了13种不同的认证模式,B和B1两个模式只涵盖设计不可以单独用来合格评定,H,H1和G模式既涵盖设计也涵盖制造,其余的模式都只涵盖制造。
合格评定模式选择如下表:
Category | Normal Route With No QA System | Quality Assurance to ISO 9000 series | ||
Serial Production | Unit Production | Serial Production | Unit Production | |
I | A Internal production control | |||
II | A1 Internal production control with monitoring of final assessment | D1 (QA To ISO 9002) Or E1 (QA To ISO 9003) Quality assurance for production, final inspection and testing | ||
III | B Design examination of type + C1 Monitoring of final assessment | B1 Design examination + F Product verification | B Design examination of type + E QA (ISO 9003) for final inspection & testing | B1 Design examination + D QA ( ISO 9002) for Production and Test Or H QA for Design and Production (ISO 9001) |
IV | B Design examination of type + F Product verification | G Design examination and Inspection during manufacture & testing | B Design examination of type + D QA (ISO 9002) for final inspection, testing & manufacture | H1 Full QA with design examination and monitoring of final assessment |
97/23/EEC指1997年由欧洲共同体(EC-European Community)即现在的欧盟(EU-EUROPEAN UNION)所共同立法通过的第23号指令,于1997年被欧洲国会和欧洲委员会采用,1999年11月29日开始强制执行。
PED基本要求是:
安全从设计、生产、测试方面满足ESR(Essential Safety Requirement)基本安全需求符合适当的评估程序粘贴CE标志和其他必要的信息97/23/EEC指1997年由欧洲共同体(EC-European Community)即现在的欧盟(EU-EUROPEAN UNION)所共同立法通过的第23号指令,于1997年被欧洲国会和欧洲委员会采用,1999年11月29日开始强制执行。
PED基本要求是:
安全从设计、生产、测试方面满足ESR(Essential Safety Requirement)基本安全需求符合适当的评估程序粘贴CE标志和其他必要的信息